Dendrological Description and Architecture of the Foliar Venation Pattern of Three Species Belonging to the Fabaceae Family. Dendrological studies and means of diaphanization can help in the manipulation of species in the field, with the practice of management. The objective of this study was to describe the macromorphological characters and leaf venation of the species Copaifera martii, Dalbergia spruceana, and Libidibia ferrea. The characterization was carried out using a dendrological form, the trunk and leaves were evaluated, and the description of the venation was made through the diaphanization technique. It was observed that the Copaifera martii species supporting the live bark, initially beige changing to dark orange, leaves of leathery consistency, craspedodromous venation pattern, and marginal fimbrial venation. Dalbergia spruceana oxidized from yellowish-cream to red presented a resin-type exudate, leaf branches with lenticels and stipules, brochidodromous venation pattern, and recurved marginal venation. Libidibia ferrea presented bark detachment, a smooth and spotted rhytidome, grayish color, pulvinules and lenticels in all branches, and scalloped, brochidodromous pattern with recurved marginal venation. The dendrological characteristics of the trunk, together with the leaf and venation architecture, can augment taxonomic studies for the identification and differentiation of taxa.

Using quality seedlings increases the chances of survival and development after planting. Hardening aims to modify the morphology of seedlings to acclimatize them to stressful field conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of chemical hardening with methyl jasmonate on the morphophysiology of Eugenia uniflora L. seedlings subjected to 12 days of water deficit. Seedlings were hardened with doses of 0, 50, 100, and 150 μmol L-1 of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Afterward, they were transplanted into pots with soil and subjected to water deficit for 12 days. During that period, we assessed shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), relative water content (RWC), robustness index (RI), Dickson quality index (DQI), shoot/root ratio (S/R), stomatal conductance (Sc) and evapotranspiration (ET). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five blocks. Variables RI, DQI, LA, RWC, and TDM values presented a quadratic trend, with promising results from the 50 and 100 µmol L-1 doses. Sc and ET values were influenced by water deficit. Under conditions of water restriction, application of MeJA in adequate doses promoted morphophysiological changes and induced defense strategies in E. uniflora seedlings. Doses of methyl jasmonate between 50 and 100 µmol L-1 resulted in seedlings with greater tolerance to water deficit for 12 days.

In this study, we sought to determine the influence of combined treatments with different types of fertilizer and inoculation of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the growth and physiological characteristics of young plants of Cordia americana. To this end, we adopted a completely randomized experimental design, comprising six replications in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, to assess the effects of five different types of fertilizer applied with or without T. harzianum inoculation. At 180 days post-planting, we performed measurements of plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, stem dry mass, total dry mass, leaf area, Falker’s chlorophyll index, and chlorophyll fluorescence. It was found that the combined application of T. harzianum and a controlled-release fertilizer or manure-based organominerals was effective in enhancing the growth of C. americana plants under conditions similar to those in the field. The use of controlled-release fertilizer as a base fertilization was found to have a positive influence on all evaluated variables and was effective in maximizing the initial development of C. americana plants. Granulated fertilizers derived from swine manure were established to promote plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency, thereby confirming their efficacy as a fertilizer for the cultivation of C. americana.

The objective was to evaluate the floristic composition and horizontal structure of a shrub-tree fragment of Tropical Seasonally Dry Forest - (SDTF), of conserved Caatinga, in the municipality of Campina Grande - PB, Brazil. Located at the Prof. Ignácio Salcedo, at the National Institute of the Semi-Arid Region – (INSA) / Ministry of Science, Technology and Information – (MCTI). In a transect of (50 m x 100 m), with 50 plots of (10 m x 10 m), individuals and stems with CBH ≥ 6 cm were measured. The presence of 2.602 individuals ha-1, with 3.210 stems ha-1, distributed in 17 families, 34 identified genera, 1 unidentified genus and 16 species. The most important families in number of species and individuals were Fabaceae and Apocynaceae, mainly due to the occurrence of the species Cenostigma nordestinum Gagnon & G.P.Lewis and Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc., respectively. The relevance of the two species with the highest density was perceived in relation to the basal area, which corresponded to 2.12 m2 ha-1 and 1.26 m2 ha-1, respectively, which showed the main contribution of the mentioned families, the area studied in terms of its diversity, was considered a normal pattern with a higher average value of 2.42 nats ind-1, when compared to some studies in the literature. In view of this, this study constitutes basic tools for its management and conservation, enabling the adoption of correct practices, comparisons between and within forest communities, in addition to giving rise to the formulation of hypotheses for other studies.

The Cerrado biome has great importance in ecological biodiversity, but deforestation has accelerated in recent decades. The Rio Preto-BA Environmental Preservation Area, known for the high agricultural activity of grains, continually suffers from forest fires and loss of native vegetation. Satellite remote sensing is proposed as an alternative to accurately locate and quantify fire-affected surfaces and their impacts on the landscape. With the recent free availability of SPOT-5 images, it has made it possible to detect burned areas with considerable spatial and spectral resolution. The objective of the present study was to determine the ideal spectral index for detection of the burned area inserted in the APA Rio Preto through two SPOT-5 scenes and the application of the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model. The burned areas detected were submitted to the calculation of five spectral indices, BAI, BAIM, NBR, NDVI and EVI2. The ability of each index to discriminate burned areas was estimated by comparing them with each other using a statistical separability index, SVM regression and accuracy analysis. BAIM was identified as the index with the greatest potential for discriminating burnt areas with maximum separability and classification accuracy above 90%, while the NDVI and EVI2 indices had low performance. It is hoped that these results can be used to evaluate and prioritize monitoring areas, contribute to the implementation of a fire management plan in the APA and to support subsequent studies on fire dynamics in forest systems integrated with advanced computational technologies.

Since the dawn of humanity, plants have been used to alleviate and cure diseases. Since biological diversity is precisely different in each location as it depends mainly on the climate and relief and therefore it is assumed that the development of phytotherapy or alternative medicine based on plants developed unevenly from the plants that had their disposal as well as the treatment priorities needed. Taking into account that Cuba and the state of Bahia have a similar climate, as well as a similar number of inhabitants, they were taken as the objective in this study, with a greater discrepancy in terms of territorial extension. The main purpose of this study is to understand the relationships of ethnobotany in medicinal plants in the state of Bahia, Brazil and Cuba. The method of bibliographical review of publications available from the last decade and which were accessible in the Scopus, Google Scholar, SciELO, PubMed databases was used, taking into account that these must be free and refer to the subject of study in question to be selected. The result shows that the publications place Cuba well above the number of studies published on the subject when the comparison is made. There are also coincidences in both territories in relation to the diseases most treated with medicinal plants, the most used parts of the plants and the families that cover most of the species described in the reviewed research. Obtaining a total of species (247), 111 in Cuba and 136 mentioned in the studies reviewed in the Brazilian state. Leaves are the most used parts and the Lamiaceae family is the most popular..

The endophytic microbiota of native plants is still poorly understood, but their potential to produce bioactive compounds of interest for agriculture has registered an increasing number of articles. Environments such as the Dry Forest bring together characteristics that can harbor a diverse endophytic microbiota with metabolic particularities with potential to be explored. The objectives of this study were to isolate fungi and bacteria from aroeira leaves (Myracrodruon urundeuva Freire Alemão) situated at the Mata Seca National Park, Manga/MG; identify them through the sequencing of the ITS region and 16S rRNA gene, and evaluate the potential bioherbicidal effect of their metabolites on germination and vigor of Urochloa brizanthaCV. Piatã, Bidens pilosa L. and Stylosanthes sp. seeds. The genus Phomopsis was the most abundant in the capoeira tree, being found in 12 of the 19 isolated fungi. Phomopsis sp., Bacillus sp., and Brevilacillus sp. metabolites interfered with the vigor of the seeds, presenting a potential bioherbicidal effect.

Floristic-structural characterization of degraded forest in the arc of deforestation, Brazilian Amazon. The purpose of this study was to characterize the floristic-structural aspects and the distribution of aboveground biomass (AGB) of degraded forests located in the arc of deforestation, southern Brazilian Amazon. In addition to characterizing the forest as a whole, analyses at the level of sampling units were established. Forest inventory data provided support to biomass estimates, as well as floristic-structural analysis. A survey was carried out, collecting from plots of 2,500 m² (50 x 50m) diameter at breast height (DBH >10cm) and total height (HT) of the trees. The forest showed a high concentration of species distributed in a few botanical families and a high number of locally rare species. The sampling units showed floristic similarity, identifiable by cluster analysis. On the other hand, they showed significant structural differences based on the DBH and HT variables. The AGB estimate for the area was 215.20 Mg ha-1 (± 83.73 Mg ha-1). Those results contribute to better understanding the changes in forest formations related to forest degradation in the southern Brazilian Amazon, as well as to the definition of conservation and restoration strategies for degraded forests.

The objective of this work was to analyze the firewood, charcoal and roundwood market in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) in the period 1999-2019. Data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used referring to the quantity produced, unit value (UV) and gross production value (GPV), subdivided according to Agreste, Central, East and West mesoregions in RN. These variables were simplified in the form of descriptive statistics, with the UV and GPV deflated with a base year of 1999. In addition, the exploration products, the total area explored, the type of cut and the situation regarding the plans of sustainable forest management - PMFS, were analyzed, as provided by the Northeastern Plant Information Center (Centro Nordestino de Informações Sobre Plantas, CNIP). The results generated allowed us note that the West mesoregion stood out in the production of firewood, being the second largest producer of charcoal and the only producer of roundwood logs. The highest UV per ton of coal occurred in 2016 in the Agreste and West mesoregions; in 2018, in the Central mesoregion and, in 2013, in the East. The highest UV per cubic meter of firewood occurred in 2017 for the Agreste and Central regions, and in 2019, in the East and West mesoregions, respectively. The Central mesoregion had the highest number of PMFS in the state, with most of the plans that are currently active being used for the exploitation of firewood. West mesoregion presented only two assets.

Feasibility of using Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain for plywood panel production.The demand for wood-based products by society is growing because these products are less restrictive, highly resistant, and reliable in use. However, due to a lack of technological knowledge, the number of Amazonian species used within the timber industries is still limited. Therefore, knowing the potential use of these species is important to the forestry sector’s development. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels produced with veneer sheets of Zanthoxylum ekmanii (lemon) and its combination with Pinus sp., using the urea-formaldehyde (UF) and (PF) phenol-formaldehyde resins. Panels were produced with 15 mm, dimensions of 50 x 50 cm, and a grammage of 360 g/m2 in a single line. Physical and mechanical tests were performed by the specifications described in the Brazilian standards. The results were compared to the requirements of the ABIMCI technical catalog and the NBR ISO 12466-2 standard. The homogeneous and combined panels with Z. ekmanii evaluated in this study presented results of water absorption, thickness swelling, compression set recovery, glue line shear strength, and parallel and perpendicular static bending statistically equal to or superior to the reference species (Pinus sp.). Therefore, the panels produced with Z. ekmanii have good quality in bonding with UF and PF resins. This species can be used in the production of homogeneous plywood or combination with Pinus sp.